serializeJson()

Description

serializeJson() serializes a JsonDocument to create a minified JSON document, i.e. a document without spaces or line break between values.

If you want a prettified JSON document, use serializeJsonPretty()

Signatures

size_t serializeJson(const JsonDocument& doc, char* output, size_t outputSize);  // see remark 1
size_t serializeJson(const JsonDocument& doc, char output[size]);                // see remark 1
size_t serializeJson(const JsonDocument& doc, Print& output);
size_t serializeJson(const JsonDocument& doc, String& output);       // see remark 2
size_t serializeJson(const JsonDocument& doc, std::string& output);  // see remark 2
size_t serializeJson(const JsonDocument& doc, std::ostream& output);

template<typename Writer> // custom writer class (see below)
size_t serializeJson(const JsonDocument& doc, Writer& output);

➀ These overloads only add the zero-terminator if there is enough room in the buffer; this is the same caveat as strncpy().
Therefore, make sure that the buffer is large enough or check the return value.

➁ This function treats String and std::string as streams: it doesn’t replace the content but appends to the end.

The two first overloads support unsigned char as well.

Arguments

doc: the JsonDocument to serialize (in fact, you can also use a JsonArray, a JsonObject, or a JsonVariant)
output: the destination buffer where the result should be written
outputSize: the capacity of the destination buffer

Because output can be any implementation of Print, you can uses instances like Serial, EthernetClient, WifiClient…

Return value

The number of bytes written.

Configuration

You can configure serializeJson() with the following settings:

ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_NAN writes NaN instead of null,
ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_INFINITY writes Infinity instead of null.

How to view the JSON output?

When you pass a Stream to serializeJson(), it writes the JSON to the stream but doesn’t print anything to the serial port, which makes troubleshooting difficult.

If you want to see what serializeJson() writes, use WriteLoggingStream from the StreamUtils library. See the example below.

Performance

When you pass a Stream to serializeJson(), it sends the bytes one by one, which can be slow depending on the target stream. For example, if you send to a WiFiClient on an ESP8266, it will send a packet over the air for each byte, which is terribly slow and inefficient. To improve speed and efficiency, we must send fewer, larger packets.

To write the JSON document in chunks, you can use WriteBufferingStream from the StreamUtils library. See the example below.

Custom writer

If none of the supported output types is suitable for you, you can implement a custom writer class. This class must implement two member functions, as shown below:

struct CustomWriter {
  // Writes one byte, returns the number of bytes written (0 or 1)
  size_t write(uint8_t c);
  // Writes several bytes, returns the number of bytes written
  size_t write(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length);
};

Then, pass a reference to an instance of this class as the second argument of serializeJson().

Example

Write the JSON document to the serial port

StaticJsonDocument<200> doc;
doc["hello"] = "world";
serializeJson(doc, Serial);

will write the following string to the serial port:

{"hello":"world"}

Write to a file

File file = SD.open(filename, FILE_WRITE);
StaticJsonDocument<256> doc;
doc["hello"] = "world";
serializeJson(doc, file);
file.close();

Write to a file and print to the serial port

This example requires the StreamUtils library; it uses the WriteLoggingStream decorator that adds logging capability to an existing Stream.

File file = SD.open(filename, FILE_WRITE);
WriteLoggingStream loggedFile(file, Serial);
doc["hello"] = "world";
serializeJson(doc, loggedFile);
file.close();

The second line create a new Stream that forward every calls to file and duplicate writes calls to Serial.

Improve file write performance

This example requires the StreamUtils library; it uses the WriteBufferingStream decorator that adds buffering capability to an existing Stream.

File file = SD.open(filename, FILE_WRITE);
WriteBufferingStream bufferedFile(file, 64);
doc["hello"] = "world";
serializeJson(doc, bufferedFile);
bufferedFile.flush();
file.close();

The first line creates the file and the second line adds a 64 byte buffer in front of the file. The next to last line writes the remaining bytes in the file.